How to Calculate Percentage of a Number

Calculating percentages is a valuable skill in everyday life, used in discounts, investments, taxes, and more. Here's how to calculate percentages effectively and some practical applications.

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Common Uses of Percentages

1. Discounts?
2. A price reduction based on a percentage.

3. Example: A $100 item discounted by 50% costs $50.

4. Investments

5. Percentage distribution of stocks, bonds, etc., or returns on investments.

6. Example: A $50,000 investment with a $10,000 return over 10 years = 20% ROI.

7. Deductions

8. Percentage of costs deductible for taxes.

9. Example: Using a car 71% for business allows a 71% cost deduction.

10. Commission

11. Payment based on sales percentage.

12. Example: A 10% commission on a $20,000 car sale earns $2,000.

13. Value Changes

14. Appreciation or depreciation over time.

15. Example: Computers purchased for $10,000 depreciating to $5,000 = 50% loss.

16. Taxes

17. Percentage added to purchases or deducted from income.
18. Example: A 3% tax on $50 groceries adds $1.50, for a total of $51.50.

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How to Calculate Percentages

1. Formula:
   [ {Percentage} = \frac{{Part}} / {{Total}} * 100 ]

2. Example: What is 40% of 5,000?
   [ 0.40 * 5,000 = 2,000 ]
   (40% of 5,000 = 2,000 approvals, 3,000 disapprovals).

3. Reverse Calculation:
   Use the percentage to find the total or part.

4. Example: If 4 months is 33% of a year:
   [ 4 \div 0.33 = 12 ]
   (The year has 12 months).

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Example Calculations

1. Company Project?

2. A company worked 4 out of 12 months on a project.
   [ \frac{4}{12} = 0.33 = 33\% ]

3. Poll Results

4. 40% of 5,000 citizens approve of the governor:
   [ 0.40 * 5,000 = 2,000 ]
   (2,000 approve, 3,000 disapprove).

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Helpful Tools for Calculations

• Manual Calculations: Use the formula for precision.
• Excel: Write a function as [ = {Part} / {Total} ].
• Calculators: Most devices have percentage functions.

Mastering percentages simplifies financial decisions, tax calculations, and more!

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