Driving Skills

Commercial Driving Pre-Trip Inspection Checklist




1. What is a Pre-Trip Inspection?

  • A pre-trip inspection is a thorough check of your commercial vehicle before driving to ensure all systems are functional and compliant with Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) regulations.
  • It helps identify potential mechanical or safety issues, reducing the risk of breakdowns and accidents.

2. Why is a Pre-Trip Inspection Important?

  • Ensures Safety: Prevents accidents caused by equipment failure.
  • Complies with Regulations: FMCSA requires inspections for commercial vehicles.
  • Minimizes Downtime: Identifies issues before they escalate.
  • Protects Drivers and Cargo: Keeps both you and the shipment safe.

3. Key Areas to Inspect During a Pre-Trip

A. Vehicle Exterior

  • Lights: Check headlights, high/low beams, brake lights, turn signals, and hazard lights.
    • Tip: Ensure lights are clean and functioning properly.
  • Windshield and Wipers:
    • Verify the windshield is free of cracks or obstructions.
    • Test wipers for functionality and check washer fluid levels.
  • Mirrors:
    • Ensure all mirrors are clean, adjusted, and securely mounted.

B. Engine Compartment

  • Fluids: Check oil, coolant, and power steering fluid levels for proper levels and leaks.
  • Belts and Hoses:
    • Look for cracks, fraying, or leaks in hoses and belts.
  • Battery:
    • Check battery connections for corrosion and ensure it’s securely mounted.
  • Leaks: Inspect under the engine for oil, coolant, or fuel leaks.

C. Tires and Wheels

  • Tread Depth: Ensure the tread is above the legal minimum (4/32" for steer tires, 2/32" for others).
  • Tire Pressure: Use a gauge to confirm proper inflation.
  • Wheel Rims:
    • Check for cracks, bends, or rust.
  • Lug Nuts: Ensure they’re tight and none are missing.

D. Braking System

  • Air Brakes: Test for air pressure build-up and audible leaks.
  • Brake Pads: Inspect for proper thickness and wear.
  • Slack Adjusters: Ensure proper adjustment (no more than 1 inch of movement when pulled by hand).
  • Emergency Brake: Test parking brake functionality.

E. Suspension

  • Springs/Shocks: Look for cracks, leaks, or broken components.
  • U-Bolts: Ensure they’re securely fastened.

F. Fuel and Exhaust Systems

  • Fuel Tank: Inspect for leaks or damage.
  • Exhaust System: Look for signs of leaks or excessive noise from loose or damaged components.

G. Trailer Components (If Applicable)

  • Coupling Devices:
    • Ensure the kingpin, fifth wheel, and locking jaws are secure.
    • Check for excess wear or damage.
  • Trailer Lights: Test brake lights, turn signals, and running lights.
  • Cargo Securement:
    • Ensure straps, chains, and tarps are tight and undamaged.
    • Verify load is evenly distributed and within weight limits.

H. Under the Vehicle

  • Driveshaft: Look for bends or damage.
  • Frame: Inspect for cracks, rust, or loose bolts.

I. Cab Interior

  • Steering: Check for excessive play (should not exceed 10 degrees or 2 inches at the steering wheel).
  • Horn: Test both air and electric horns.
  • Gauges: Verify functionality of speedometer, fuel gauge, oil pressure, and temperature gauge.
  • Emergency Equipment:
    • Confirm presence of fire extinguisher, reflective triangles, and spare fuses.

4. Step-by-Step Pre-Trip Inspection Checklist

A. Walkaround Inspection

  1. Start at the front of the vehicle and work your way around.
  2. Look for visible issues with lights, tires, mirrors, and cargo.

B. System Testing (In-Cab)

  1. Start the engine and listen for unusual noises.
  2. Test all dashboard gauges, lights, and warning signals.
  3. Check air pressure build-up and apply brakes to test functionality.

C. Under-the-Hood Check

  1. Inspect belts, hoses, and fluid levels under the hood.
  2. Look for leaks or signs of wear.

D. Brake System Test

  1. Static Brake Test: With the engine off, apply the brake and ensure no air pressure loss exceeds 3 PSI in one minute.
  2. Applied Brake Test: With the brakes fully applied, ensure no air pressure loss exceeds 4 PSI in one minute.
  3. Service Brake Test: Drive forward slowly and test brakes to ensure the vehicle stops straight and smoothly.
  4. Parking Brake Test: Engage the parking brake and confirm it holds the vehicle.

5. Tips for Effective Pre-Trip Inspections

  1. Use a Checklist: Follow a written or digital checklist to avoid missing anything.
  2. Take Your Time: Allocate at least 15-30 minutes for a thorough inspection.
  3. Involve a Co-Driver: If applicable, work as a team to inspect the vehicle more efficiently.
  4. Document Findings: Record any issues and report them to your fleet manager or mechanic.
  5. Stay Consistent: Perform inspections before every trip, not just periodically.

6. Common Issues Found During Inspections?

  • Underinflated or overinflated tires.
  • Leaking fluids (oil, coolant, or fuel).
  • Broken lights or reflectors.
  • Faulty brakes or excessive slack in slack adjusters.
  • Loose or improperly secured cargo.

7. Legal and Regulatory Requirements?

A. FMCSA Regulation (49 CFR 396.13)

  • Drivers must inspect their vehicle before driving to confirm it is safe to operate.

B. Daily Vehicle Inspection Report (DVIR)

  • Drivers must document the results of their pre-trip inspections and note any defects.
  • Keep reports for a minimum of 90 days for FMCSA compliance.

C. Roadside Inspections

  • Law enforcement officers may perform random inspections. A well-maintained vehicle reduces the risk of fines or violations.

8. Benefits of Pre-Trip Inspections

  • Prevents Breakdowns: Identifies mechanical issues before they worsen.
  • Increases Safety: Reduces the likelihood of accidents caused by equipment failure.
  • Ensures Compliance: Meets FMCSA and DOT regulations to avoid fines.
  • Improves Efficiency: Keeps vehicles running smoothly and on schedule.
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